Caravaggio, Death Of St. Matthew Essay Example For Students

Caravaggio, Death Of St. Matthew Essay Michelangelo de Caravaggio is one of the most eminent and well known specialists of the Baroque Period. Indeed, numerous works of art from this period, just as after have been depicted as Caravagesque. Caravaggios works are probably the most mainstream in Italy, just as around the globe, and have been placed into there own elaborate gathering. In his work of art, the Martyrdom of St. Matthew, there contains certain attributes that make the work of art effectively unmistakable to an epicurean of fine artistic creations. This paper will talk about some foundation of this specialists life, the substance of the work, a few thoughts that it depicts and contains, and a visual portrayal of the artwork. Michelangelo Amerigi, referred to in the craftsmanship world as Caravaggio, was conceived in Caravaggio, in Lombardy, Italy. He was naturally introduced to a to some degree fruitful family, wherein his dad functioned as an artisan. Experiencing childhood in Lombardy was not the most standout place for a youthful craftsman. Fortunately for him, Milan, Italy was close by, and he took up considering craftsmanship there. Not long after that he moved to Rome, which was the focal point of the workmanship world at that point, and started what was a most wonderful vocation. Huge numbers of Caravaggios artistic creations mirrored his character and character. As a little fellow up until he was an elderly person, Caravaggio had an awful temper, and was not terrified of showdown or demise. Commonly it appeared like he went out searching for an encounter. In one case, over a distinction in a round of ball, he provoked another youngster to a battle in which brought about Caravaggio murdering him with his blade. This was not by any means the only showdown however; there are a few progressively reported for an incredible duration, in a few distinct courts. Caravaggios mentality and character permitted himself to communicate a portion of the darker and normally grisly scenes of religion, folklore, and history. Not at all like any other person, his works of art caught a crowd of people with his utilization of regular looking figures, sensational circumstances, and with an incredible feeling of quickness. Caravaggios Death of St. Matthew is a painting wherein his attributes are spoken to obviously. A considerable lot of Caravaggios works were those of strict scenes that were stories from the Bible and other scriptural readings. Matthewss demise came about because of his open dissatisfaction with the King of Ethiopia having a sexual enthusiasm for a virgin named Ephigenia. The remainder of the account of the Death of St. Matthew, is clarified by the expressions of the Golden Legend. At the point when he heard these words, the ruler was overcome with rage, and left the congregation. After the Mass, the ruler sent a fighter, who came behind Matthew as he remained at the special stepped area with his hands brought to Heaven up in supplication, drove a blade into his back, and culminated the missionaries suffering demise. This story was not composed into the Bible, since the Gospels were composed before Matthew made a trip to Ethiopia as a minister. That being the situation, the story is related from the book the Golden Legend. Another quality of Caravaggios work was his utilization of light and dull. The Death of St. Matthew is dim by and large, with a secretive light source that wipes out the genuine demise of the Saint. This secretive shine carries a strict vibe to the artistic creation and alongside that gives the story an all the more remarkable articulation. Shadows and space are utilized cautiously to give a feeling of quickness to the scene. The figures around the homicide all appear to move in an opposite direction from the activity in various manners, which unifies the significant piece of the scene. This utilization of geometric setting of articles shows that he has not completely escaped from before old style creative strategies. This artistic creation additionally contains common looking figures and items, which help give some authenticity to the story. Scowls on the substance of Matthew, just as the fighter, and spectators delineate the truth of encountering such an awful event. Tissue is extended and torn, while wounds are regurgitating blood out of the saint. .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae , .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae .postImageUrl , .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae , .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae:hover , .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae:visited , .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae:active { border:0!important; } .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae:active , .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec 9f0e5ae .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ubd1d7493be7d8abc0bcd52dec9f0e5ae:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Michelangelo Buonarroti and Religion EssayThe sensible portrayal of this story makes the work a genuine perfect work of art. Caravaggios Death of St. Matthew is one of a couple of compositions that were accomplished for the Contarelli Chapel in the late sixteenth century. On the correct side of the special stepped area hangs the more prominent and well known Calling of St. Matthew, which delineates the Lord going into a room, requesting that Matthew become an Apostle. Inverse to this work of art, on the left half of the special stepped area, hangs the Death of St. Matthew. This artistic creation depicts the account of his demise, as clarifi ed in the Golden Legend. St. Matthew is appeared, struck by the blade of the exicutioner, lying on the floor alive, yet powerless. There is blood splattered on him from the underlying injury. Matthew is wearing consecrated robes and frowns in torment as the fighter anticipates to complete the deed. The fighter is indicated remaining over the fallen Martyr, with little garments on, flaunting his athletic form. This agnostic bareness, encompassed by numerous admirers reviews the impact of Raphael, whose works contained such material. Additionally, a significant part of the show portrayed here no doubt originated from the counsel of Titian, presumably through works like his Death of St. Dwindle Martyr. The primary activity of Matthews demise is the middle purpose of the image. It is confined by the leaning back figures in the closer view and by those along the edges who pull back or escape with dismay; all by which encompass the bare fighter, who acts like the pivot of a straightened wheel-like piece of divergent vitality. Not exclusively does this methodology help carry center to the artistic creation, yet it additionally helped occupy some unfilled room around the activity. So as to coordinate his other work of art, the Calling of St. Matthew, which was found legitimately close to this one, figures of a similar size were required. These additional spectators give the artwork much help, as it hangs close to one of Caravaggios generally amazing and famous works. Workmanship students of history have talked about the figures that are seeing the homicide finally for quite a long time. About portion of the figures are dressed and the rest are delineated as for the most part bare. This reality has offered ascend to a few speculations. One thought proposes that Matthew was giving the holy observance of Baptism to the nudes in the artwork, alongside their observers at their sides. A little fellow is seen at the base right of the work, turning and overpowered with dread. On the left, a few figures are appeared, moving in an opposite direction from the demonstration with a feeling of fear in their forms of non-verbal communication dialects and articulations. One of these figures, the man with the facial hair, is really thought to be as a matter of fact Caravaggio himself. Workmanship conisseurers accept this is really his self-picture inside the scene. Over the enduring Saint, sits and holy messenger on a cloud, that is giving some palm to him. Likewise, the base right 50% of the artwork is more brilliant than the remainder of the work of art, since it is the best situation to get guests eyes. This part of the artwork took cautious idea and arranging. The situation of these canvases in the Chapel, the lights source, and the tone and haziness of the artwork make the make a solid effort to see. The more splendid light utilized at the base corner attracts individuals to the artistic creation, which is significant in this circumstance. This canvas was really repainted to its current condition. Uncommon x-beam photography shows that the past work was vastly different. The figures were a lot littler in the main arrangement, and they were arranged towards the base of the work. This didn't coordinate the size and style of the Calling of St. Matthew, which hangs straightforwardly close to this work. Additionally, the primary piece was less frightful, and de

Le Quebec Essays - Vire De Galerne, War In The Vende,

Le Quebec Le Quebec et la Guadeloupe en Comparaison Le Quebec et la Guadeloupe sont deux mondes differents qui sont unis standard la langue francaise. Un se trouve au plein nord du landmass americain, et l'autre se trouve dans la mer Caribe dans les Antilles. Le Quebec a de temps froid la plupart de l'an, en image temps que la Guadeloupe est describe standard un climat tropique. Donc, cette qualification de climat donne deux types de strive vraiment differents. Standard exemple, l'hiver au Quebec consiste de la neige, la glace, et les temperatures bases. Et a reason de ce temps extraordinary, les Quebecois ont du s'adapter a ses environs et le climat de cette area. Ils ont aussi cree des adages qui sont uniques a leur dialecte. Comme le witticism, **motoneige**, qui an ete invente au Canada, est devenu adage quotidien aux mois d'hiver. Les Quebecois omen des vetements lourds et chauds pour se proteger de l'interperie. Mais c'est un cas tout distinctive en la Guadeloupe, les hivers semblent l'ete du Quebec. Il fait toujours lover a cette isle du Caribe, sauf quand il pleut. Il y an une contrast qui fait la Guadeloupe one of a kind, c'est les ouragans Mais la plupart des temps, les Guadeloupeens s'habillent en vetements legers et frais. Aussi ils omen des chapeaux pour se proteger des rayons du soleil. L'unique picked don't le Quebec et la Guadeloupe partagent, c'est la langue francaise. On peut critical qu'ils sont deux mondes completement differents qui ont des bonnes choses et aussi les mauvais comme les limits dans leurs climats respectifs. Unknown dialects

Issues Concerning African Americans and Puerto Ricans Essay

There are four significant ethnic, social and racial gatherings present in the United States today. These gatherings which create the nation’s populace are the African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic and Native Americans or the Non-Hispanic Whites. From the beginning of time, issues of racial profiling have frequented the American Society, albeit United States of America is supposed to be the origination of nationalism solidarity and accepted to be a country that will stick to serious devotion to opportunity, equity and uniformity (Feagin, 1978). The immense decent variety of the American populace which describes the nation’s occupants has frequently come about to confusion and bedlam, as separation exists the country over. Despite the fact that the legislature has taken a few activities and laws have been made and are executed, they are insufficient to balance the prejudice issue close by which is profoundly established in the American custom, as a more extended time may esteemed essential before the general population become familiar with a racial free society. In the event that the specialists are excited about annulling and dispose of racial segregation, it then significant that they make sure that the general population would have a superior comprehension and foundation of the distinctive ethnic and minority gatherings. Attention to their qualities, customs and conventions are little advances that may in the long run lead to these gatherings conjunction. Consequently, the paper talks about two of the significant gatherings that assume significant jobs in molding the United States social structure, the African Americans and the Puerto Ricans. The rise of Africans Americans or the dark Americans populace, which are United States inhabitants however with blood genealogy from the dark racial gathering of Africa, in the United States can be followed back route before 1800’s as larger part of dark Americans have their relatives in the United States. While White Americans went to the United States willfully, their Black partners were not given a decision as lion's share of the dark populace came in America as slaves (Feagin, 1978). It is taking note of to realize that among the various ethnics bunch that come and settled in the United States, African Americans are the main gathering which have come not as per their own choice. They were utilized as workers in enormous agrarian fields. It was accepted that the main African American that had entered the outskirts of the United States settled in Jamestown. Their bondage and the hard works they performed filled in as their free entry to the United States as they are contrasted with English destitute individuals. Anyway during the incomparable American Civil War, by uprightness of the declaration marked by President Abraham Lincoln, the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans turned out to be free. Yet, at that point the post war time, the rebuilding time frame, requires the isolation of blacks from the whites and disintegrates what should be time of fresh start for the blacks.. So as to free themselves of difficulties and viciousness brought by separation, most Black Americans kept the law which directs racial isolation. Be that as it may, as brutality identified with racial segregation got broad, calls for canceling the racial profiling laws additionally escalate as developing African American legacy and acumen turned out to be progressively apparent. The time of social liberties development which meant to advance fellowship and implant uniformity by dispensing with racial segregation help to a great extent to the Black Americans reason for looking for respect for their way of life and race. Subsequently, when the Black Power Propaganda was shaped an increasingly unpredictable belief system was conceived as African American looks for moral pride, reasonableness, equity and opportunity from white mistreatment. Today, liberated from subjugation and contributing boundlessly to financial aspects and governmental issues and getting a charge out of a lawful status, Black Americans have delighted in a lot of accomplishment as they encountered and appreciated more noteworthy rights, a long way based on what were their progenitors have previously. Be that as it may, total fulfillment and acknowledgment of their privileges should hang tight for an additional couple of years as white individuals and custom is as yet the predominant culture in the United States. The extreme change, in any case, which began from the nineteenth century are solid signs and proof of the developing force the African Americans are acquiring. African Americans currently have more prominent access top higher instructions and development in work as blue and desk laborers are additionally obvious. Divergence between the destitution of dark and individuals have additionally decreased and many dark Americans currently have there possessed home. Be that as it may, the tragic part is albeit consistent upgrades are accomplished every day, dark Americans are still at weakness with the white individuals. It tends to be seen in issues with respect to medical coverages and benefits and institutional prejudice, which is particularly present particularly in center school’s class. Actually, a report in Rutherford nation indicated that monstrous objections of racial segregations are documented as guardians are frightened with the developing quantities of dark understudies that are suspended. Contrast with their white partners, dark understudies keep on being suspended at a lot higher rates, bringing up the issue of racial separation in forcing discipline among the understudies. In 2006 for example, 14. 4 % of dark understudies were suspended in the area, which makes a bunch of understudies linger behind their investigations (Scott, 2007). Then again pace of suspension for white understudies remain at 6. 6% (Scott, 2007). Figures and numbers show that the rates at which dark understudies are suspended are more than twofold of the rate at which whites are. This at that point has represents a frightened to the dark populace as their kids are placed into a hindrance circumstance. Much the same as the African Americans, Puerto Ricans endure a lot of mistreatment and neediness as they involve the base most piece of the United States’ social progressive system for a considerable length of time (Feagin, 1978). They are considered as one of the world’s least fortunate gatherings, notwithstanding, Puerto Rico gangs an incredible connect to the Caribbean world and the creating provinces over the globe, which the United States social neglected to use for their own bit of leeway as it neglected to understand its significance to the country. The rise of the Puerto Rican Ethnic gathering goes back to when the island which was then named as Borinquen, was a province under the standard of Spain. For a long time, Spain utilizes it as a key base. The island was a home for various clans of Taino, anyway as the Spanish settle with in the island, populace of the Indian clans slowly decreased as ages cruised by. Vanishing was because of the way that Spain utilized them for constrained work in mines - which makes locals get illness, gigantic eradications and racial blending and combining. During that time, where in subjugation was far reaching, enormous number of African Americans was brought to Puerto to supplant the locals as laborers. Along these lines, the present hereditary part of a cutting edge Puerto Rican is a blend of Spanish, local Indians and African American. In 1898, as Spain capitulate to American force during the Spanish-American War it gave up Puerto Rico to the United States. Americans regarded Puerto Ricans as oblivious and as result, self overseeing was denied to them and Puerto Rico become totally needy to the US government. Puerto Ricans were left befuddled strategically and socially as they urgently get some information about the issue of their citizenship. US Congress in any case, prevented them from securing obtaining US citizenship relating that Puerto Ricans and Americans ought not be treated as equivalent and they are substandard contrast with them. Yet, a year prior to the US dove into the World War I, it allowed Puerto Ricans US citizenship. With the blasting populace and stale financial aspects, Puerto Rico got perhaps the most unfortunate nation around the world in the 1940’s. With an end goal to get away from the brutal truth of life in the island, a considerable lot of the populace relocated to the United States, carrying with them the expectation and the guarantee of an American Dream. Be that as it may, the circumstance would not be unique, as outsiders would neglect to find employments and are abused. Besides, lodgings were organized for Native Americans. Language impeded was additionally a hindrance, which prompts them being segregated. Puerto Ricans are additionally related to Catholicism and Christianity which is showing based from Spanish frontier times, and since the structure of the American church is Protestant, clashes regularly emerge. Specialists of Puerto Rico drops, would frequently grumble of the trouble in getting credits. With mechanization beginning to immerse the business and modern areas, Puerto Ricans further sink to the base of the social pyramid as they become increasingly disengaged, similar to the dark individuals. There were no open doors that were introduced for them as they come up short on the abilities to find occupations. Yet, at that point came the period of being turmoil, the rise of Civil Rights Movement and Anti-Poverty Groups in the 1960’s aided Puerto Ricans animate and absorb into the American culture, culture and governmental issues (Nash, 2000). The development and program covers each Puerto Rican and prompted astonishing answers for the issues that outcome from ethnics and social contrasts and irregularities which are identified with the inability to be as per the prevailing American Culture. The development of propositions bunches had opened the eyes of the Puerto Rican open to look for reasonable and just treatment and maintain their poise. Despite the fact that they have been fruitful in engaging for changes, following quite a while of battling for political portrayal, culture and customs regard and their set into the American Society, Puerto Ricans are today just gradually starting to accomplish and understand the advancement and results. Regardless of whether it is inquiries concerning citizenship status, government assistance and lodging projects, bilingual and multi-social training or constituent force, Puerto Ricans had stoo

Research Assignment Zero-Sum Game and Non-Zero-Sum Game - 550 Words

Research Assignment: Zero-Sum Game and Non-Zero-Sum Game (Essay Sample) Content: Zero-Sum Game and Non-Zero-Sum Game Name: Institution: Zero Sum Game and Non-Zero-Sum Game Zero-sum game is a psychological concept that assumes an equal result of competition for all participants or group of players. According to zero-sum game, the sum of all gains by participants is equal to the sum of losses for all the possible outcomes of that game. Researchers have used various examples with the intentions of creating a deeper understanding of the concept of zero-sum game. Cerny and Mannova (2011) in their study of competitive and collaborative approaches used the example of checkers to explain the idea behind zero-sum game. In the game of checkers, for instance, there is always one winner and one loser in which case the winner gets an addition of one point, and the loser goes down by one point. On the contrary, non-zero-sum game represents a situation in which an issue does not have a universally accepted outcome or solution. Non-zero-sum games are non-competitive in nature, meaning that a win for one player might not necessarily mean a loss for another player. One perfect example that has been used to demonstrate a non-zero-sum game include the prisoners dilemma (Cerny Mannova, 2011). This type of game explains the non-competitive nature of two prisoners who decided to act in their self-interests with the aims of achieving the best possible results. The theories of zero-sum game and non-zero-sum game have been vastly used by judges to determine whether or not an issue presented in the court has an optimal solution. Although the psychological concepts behind these two terms differ significantly across disciplines, it is important to understand that both the zero-sum game and non-zero-sum game hardly represent the conflicts faced by individuals in real life (Cerny Mannova, 2011). In protection of credibility hypothesis, the application of the two concepts does not mean that the issues presented by two or more opposing forces have straightforward results and solutions as suggested by most psychologists. In Carol Gilligans theory of moral development, we are introduced to gender differences in moral reasoning, perception of violence, resolution of sexual challenges, and abortion decisions. Gilligans theory borrows from Kohlbergs principle of a feminist perception of moral development with a focus on different moral judgment ratings. The variations in judgment and moral ratings are caused by gender bias and desire to pursue different voices. While men work to improve their social relationships and moral rights by organizing them in a hierarchical order, women tend to focus more on interpersonal connectedness, care, sensitivity, and responsibility&...

Transition Interval Definition

Definition: The transition interval is the concentration range of a chemical species that can be detected using an indicator. Usually this refers to an acid-base (pH) indicator color change, but the same principle applies to fluorescence or any other visual indicator. Examples: In a titration, the transition interval represents the concentration of a chemical required in order to see the indicator. Below this point, the intensity of the indicator may be too pale or dilute to detect. Similarly, if an upper limit is given in the transition interval, you wont be able to see a color change or other evidence of the indicator, either.

Social Stratification During The Upper Class - 867 Words

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Evaluation of the Public Internal Audit

Question: Explain about the Report for Evaluation of the Public Internal Audit. Answer: Introduction The obligation or requirements of an auditor while auditing an financial statement or historical information or complete set of financial statement is provided through Australian Auditing Standards. The form and content of audit are also explained through auditing standards. The report consists explanation regarding ASA 700 Forming an opinion and other Australian Auditing Standards. The part of the report which includes case studies has been explained by connecting the facts with the standards and then the conclusion has been provided. Analysis of all the auditing standards has been done to prove explanation in a better manner. The comment regarding the critical words used while auditing and the effect of opinion on financial statements have also been included in the report. 1: Audit Reports. Part A ASA 700 Forming an Opinion and Reporting on Financial Statements. The compilation of this standard was prepared by included amendments on 27th June 2011 by Auditing and Assurance Board (AUASB). This specification is applicable on the audit framework to provide opinion on financial statements. This can be for any other purpose or an audit report of financial year or for a period of half year for the period commencing on or after 1st January2010. General purpose financial report means financial report according to general purpose framework (Wei and et.al. 2014). The framework which meets the needs of users of financial statements to general framework. Opinion of auditor is based on the fact that financial statements have been prepared by considering appropriate financial reporting framework or not. Form of Opinion Unmodified Opinion: The auditor expresses an unmodified opinion in case he concludes that the financial report has been prepared in accordance with applicable financial reporting framework in all respect (D. Chambers, 2014). In case an unmodified opinion has been expressed by an auditor, the opinion shall be regarded equivalent that financial reports are presented on fair basis and gives a true and fair view as per applied auditing standards. Modified Opinion: In case the auditor concludes that according to availability of audit evidence in entity regarding financial statement is not free from material misstatement This statement is also valid in situation where it is not possible to achieve adequate proof for conclusion of fact that where reports are free from material statements or not. The auditor shall modify the opinion by following provisions ASA 705(Cohen and et al.,2014). Qualified Opinion: The auditor expresses qualified audit opinion according to AUS 802 in case the financial statement do not provide a true and fair view according to accounting policies followed in preparation of financial statements, in case they are not in compliance with statute or not in accordance with accounting standards (Chen and et.al. 2016). Adverse Opinion: Inability to form an opinion or Adverse Opinion is expressed in the case where the entire financial report is so extensive that auditor is not able to form an opinion (Chan, 2016). The same has been provided in AUS 802 The audit report on financial information other than a general purpose financial report. Part B (a) Case: In the present case, the company is dependent on bank overdraft to pay off the debts. The bank wants the repayment in one month and company has been unsuccessful in arranging other finance as the cash flow does not cover its debt. Opinion: The auditor has to express opinion according to the available audit evidence. Going concern is a basic concept of business and an assumption taken while preparing audit report (Carson and Fargher, 2012). Incapacity of company for repaying there debt has been assumed as material weakness. It is because, company is being unsuccessful in attaining of other finance support for payment of debts. Hence, a material uncertainties exist regarding payment of debts over next twelve months an opposing opinion will be expressed by the auditor. (b) Case: A local company uses same inventory valuation LIFO, as followed by its American Parent Company. The difference between LIFO and FIFO system has a material effect in stock and not on the remaining financial statements. Opinion: The modified opinion will be formed by the auditor in this case as the financial statements do not provide true and fair view of books and accounts. It can be said that the qualification is not so severe to give rise to circumstances of forming an adverse opinion (Bhaskar and et.al. 2016.). The effect of LIFO system on stock and it impacts on profit of organisation should be explained in financial reports. As it is provided in the data that the material effect is present to the extent of inventory and not on the remaining financial statement, the same should be provided in the audit report and the effect on profit due to adoption this policy should also be explained. (c) Case: The Victorian manufacturing company includes factories in its balance sheet on market value less accumulated depreciation. A factory in Melbourne has been carried on same value for five years. The reason behind it explained by the directors is that the market values have been stable from last five years. Opinion: An unqualified opinion will be expressed by the auditor in the present case, as the same accounting policy has been followed on a consistent basis and the financial statement presents a true and fair view (Amin and et.al., 2014.). An explanation regarding the accounting policy should be made available in audit report so that the users can take decision accordingly. Facts of the case The factory foreman is responsible for the hiring the applicants. In case the applicant is hired, a statement regarding income tax instalment declaration is prepared and given to foreman. In the morning each worker fills name and time of arrival and departure itself. At the end of the week, workers drop their time sheets in a box near door factory. The completed sheets are taken back to payroll clerk. Two clerks are given the responsibility, and they divide cards between them in alphabetical order. Each clerk is responsible for his own section. The payroll cheques are manually signed by chief accountant and given to foreman. Delivery of cheque is arranged in case worker is absent. The payroll bank account is reconciled by a chief accountant who prepares monthly pay roll. Internal control can be said as auditing procedure for assuring the achievement of entitys effectiveness and efficiency. Internal control includes all the components that control the risk (Akay, 2014). It is a means through which the available resources are monitored, directed and measured. The objective of the internal procedure can be said as the reliability of financial report at the organisation level. Weakness of internal control system is enumerated as below: The workers are hired by a single person, and no check on him is available whether the bases on which the employees employed are appropriate or not. The time sheet having arrival and departure time is filled by the employees in separate sheets; no register is being maintained; even no authority is present to check whether the time of arrival or departure in office. The clerks know regarding their working in advance only, in these circumstances they can defraud the entity. The payroll bank account is reconciled by a chief account who also prepared monthly payroll tax report. Test of control for errors identified in above parts A test of control is a process through which the effectiveness and efficiency of the control of entity are checked for preventing direct material misstatements. In case the internal control of the organisation is weak then; the same has been identified by the test of control. The auditor will use substantive testing for checking the internal control which increases the cost of audit (What are a test of controls? 2014). The control procedures can be applied in an organisation to improve the internal control through two method test of details and substantive test procedures. Test of details include procedures like asking confirmations from the customers regarding their balances or the amount they owed, tracing the existence and ownership through inspecting sales invoice, analysis of the amount received after the year end to check whether the amount due was bad or not; it can be said as a check against provision of bad debt. Substantive test is performed including analytical procedures and are additional to the test procedures which have been already performed (Test of controls, 2015). It includes enquiry and information which it performed to ascertain the information which is not available within organization and if available than the auditors cannot trust on it, Inspection is also a part of substantive procedure in which the analysis regarding the performing of obligation is being done, Observation is done to assess the manner in which the responsibility or the duty is completed by the specific authority and Recalculation, and performance is also a meth odology which is applied under this method to have a check on activities that have already been performed by the employees (William and et.al. 2016). The following control procedures can be followed to remove the weakness present in the current system of the organisation: Enquiry Confirmation: The substantive test will be done to monitor the weakness present in internal control of organisation due to the current procedure of hiring workers (Six Components of Good Internal Control Systems for Smaller Entities, 2012). The foreman should be inquired regarding the quality on the basis of which workers are hired, and confirmation regarding the following procedure must be submitted to higher authority Inspection: Instead of submitting information on different papers, a register should be maintained regarding the details of arrival and departure time. Authority should be made available to check whether the details have been correctly submitted or not. Test to details: The clerks have divided the work in alphabetic order; therefore they check the details of same workers every time which is not rechecked by a higher authority (New Guidance Allows Rapid Evaluation of Risk Management, 2014). Some entries from both the sections could be checked to ascertain the fault or error done by them. Performance and Recalculation: In the present case, the work is completed and verified by one and the same person, which increases the chances of presence of a fault. The chief accountant prepares the pay roll and reconciles the same; the errors cannot be traced as both the responsibilities are given to one and same person (Internal Controls, 2013). The reconciliation procedure should be reperformed, or calculation should be revised so that the possible errors could be identified. Conclusion The above report depicts the importance of internal control of an organisation. The kinds of opinion which can be expressed by the auditor have been explained in the report. It can be concluded from the above report that disclaimer of opinion is expressed only in the case when the sufficient appropriate evidence is not available to him through which he could express their viewpoint concerning the true and fair view of financial statements. According to the analysis, the internal control plays a major role in the organisation as the obligations are fulfilled with efficiency and effectiveness in the environment of the entity. Test of control and substantive procedures are being used to ascertain whether the appropriate internal control is present in the organisation. References Books Journal Akay, S., 2014. A Study on Evaluation of the Public Internal Audit in Terms of The Organization and Legislation. Uak University Journal of Social Sciences, 2014(17). Amin, K. And et.al. 2014. Going concern opinion and cost of equity. 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